There’s an excellent four page article in yesterday’s New York Times on the frustration in Italy with the cumulative effect of decades of clientelism, mismanagement, and corruption. As Sette Bello points out, there’s not much new in the article, but it does sum things up well. And there’s a great video of Beppe Grillo, Italy’s most famous blogger and the force behind a growing popular movement against the status quo in government. And what a status quo: many of the same powerful figures have been there, creaking and wheezing, since WWII - despite their criminal convictions.
But the problem isn’t isolated within government. The old system permeates every level of society, down to individual cittadini. Most young people still aspire to a job in the hulking and ineffectual public sector where the hours are often comically short, few results are required, the benefits are large, and it’s very difficult to be fired.
Many people want to take part in the system because life is easier on the inside. Consider the long queues at the police station or government office - which side of the window would you rather be on? The side of the civil servant or the side of the queuing masses?
Here’s a paragraph from Paul Ginsborg’s Italy and Its Discontents that sums up the relationship between citizen and state:
… practice of the bureaucracy depended to a notable extent upon the exercise of the discretionary power on the part of the functionary. The key term ‘discretion’ did not in this case signify the necessary and desirable autonomy of action of the individual civil servant within a general framework of impartiality, but rather the performance of favours in response to particularistic pressure. The speed and efficiency, indeed the very realization, of a bureaucratic act became dependent upon this sort of discretionary act, and the task of the citizen (if she or he could be called such in these circumstances) was to find the right levers to trigger that action. Naturally enough, not all citizens were equal or could exert equal pressure. Inducements to action varied from the use of friends and relatives to the pulling of rank, to outright corruption. As a result there came into being a profoundly deformed relationship between citizen and state. (p. 216)
Operating in this way for so long has tainted people on both sides of the window: the civil servant with the discretionary power and the lines of ordinary people looking to any possible way to jump the queue.
So how will Italy bring about the transformation (at every level) that will be required if it’s to survive as part of Europe?
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